The I-601A Provisional Unlawful Presence Waiver, often referred to simply as the “provisional waiver,” is a process by
which individuals who are currently in the United States and will be applying for an immigrant visa at a U.S. consulate
abroad, and whose only inadmissibility issue is unlawful presence under INA § 212(a)(9)(B), may apply for the waiver of
inadmissibility before they leave the United States. Generally, the provisional waiver process helps people who have been
living in the United States with their family without status, who are ineligible to adjust, and raise no other inadmissibility
issues. For more information on 212(a)(9)(B) unlawful presence and when to use the I-601A provisional waiver rather
than the traditional I-601 to waive unlawful presence, see our companion advisory, Understanding Unlawful Presence
Under INA § 212(a)(9)(B) and Unlawful Presence Waivers, I-601 and I-601A.
Before the provisional waiver process began in 2013, such individuals had to leave the United States to attend their
consular interviews and could only seek a waiver after the consular officer made a formal finding of unlawful presence
inadmissibility. They would have to stay outside the United States for many months, far from family, work, and community
ties, while waiting for adjudication of their waiver for unlawful presence. If the waiver were ultimately denied, for example
because USCIS determined that the applicant had failed to establish extreme hardship, the immigrant visa applicant
would be stuck outside the country with no immediate way to return legally. Lengthy separation and uncertainty in the
process meant that, for many families, this pathway to legal status was too risky to undertake.
Now, however, the provisional waiver process allows certain immigrant visa applicants to request the waiver before they
leave. This means they can wait in the United States the many months it takes for a decision on the waiver application,
while continuing their daily lives. And if the waiver is denied (and they do not believe they can overcome the denial by re-
filing), they may choose to postpone consular processing, knowing they cannot presently overcome the unlawful presence
inadmissibility ground if they depart.
Over the last six years that the provisional waiver process has existed, it has undergone various changes and
developments. In 2014, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) reversed course on its initial approach of
denying provisional waiver applications if it had reason to believe the applicant was inadmissible under another ground
of inadmissibility besides 212(a)(9)(B) unlawful presence. Before this change, USCIS denied the provisional waiver if the
applicant had a “hit” in their background check, indicating a possible criminal record. Adjudicating officers did not take
into consideration whether, for example, the petty offense exception might apply. Now, the burden is on the legal
representative to properly screen a provisional waiver applicant at time of filing the I-601A and again before the applicant
departs the United States for their consular interview, as a provisional waiver grant is no indication whether USCIS
believes the applicant has any other inadmissibility issues apart from INA § 212(a)(9)(B) unlawful presence. (If other
inadmissibility issues are discovered later, an approved I-601A will be revoked. Additionally, if a new inadmissibility
ground is identified at the consulate for which no waiver is available, the person has no legal way to return).
In August 2016, the provisional waiver process was expanded to more applicants, allowing any beneficiary who can show
extreme hardship to a U.S. citizen or permanent resident spouse or parent to use the provisional waiver process
(previously, only those who were the beneficiary of an immediate relative petition and who could show hardship to a U.S.
citizen spouse or parent qualified). In addition, as part of the 2016 “expansion,” applicants with prior removal orders may
seek a provisional waiver as long as they first apply for and are granted a conditional I-212, Consent to Reapply for
Admission.
Recently, some significant changes in policy and practice have also affected provisional waivers, albeit indirectly. These
include revisions to the State Department Foreign Affairs Manual in January 2018 pertaining to public charge
inadmissibility, which have corresponded with an increase in provisional waiver revocations after an unexpected finding
of public charge inadmissibility at the consular interview; former Attorney General Sessions’ May 2018 decision in Matter
of Castro-Tum, greatly restricting an immigration judge’s ability to administratively close cases and thereby making it far