The global nature of travel and human mobility means that country-specific travel restrictions are likely to be of
limited value. This is partially because travellers are able to circumvent such restrictions. As well, by the time such
restrictions are implemented, the relevant variant will likely have already spread to other countries. Therefore, the
Panel does not recommend implementation of country-specific testing or quarantine requirements at this time,
except under unique circumstances. Increased monitoring of quarantine compliance should be considered for
travellers arriving from countries with new variants of concern.
Rapid antigen tests were considered for onward travellers arriving by air as a means of quickly determining if they
were potentially positive. However, the Panel does not currently see substantial incremental value in testing
onward travellers at airports considering the other testing points throughout the traveller’s journey. If onward
travellers are transiting to an international flight, no arrival testing is required in Canada. If they are transiting to a
domestic flight or other transport, a PCR test is required on arrival.
Changes to border measures should be implemented in a phased
approach
The Panel heard from industry associations, unions and individual organizations (for example, airlines and airports)
on the importance of measures that can be phased in. Enough advance notice should be given to allow Canadians
and industry to prepare and plan accordingly. Future changes to border measures (for example, easing of
measures as vaccination becomes widespread) should be similarly phased. The Panel recommends phased
implementation of new border measures and consideration for the implementation process, including
enforcement, which for some new measures, may take more time to implement.
The Panel proposes a number of immediate measures for unvaccinated, partially vaccinated, vaccinated,
previously infected and exempt travellers (see Table 1). These recommendations will need monitoring and
adjusting as additional data and evidence continues to come in.
The Panel recommends the Government of Canada continue to use the ArriveCAN app to manage traveller
information reporting. The Panel also recommend that quarantine plans be reviewed and approved for
travellers arriving at both land and air borders, including symptom screening for all travellers. The Panel also
acknowledges that there will be a number of considerations regarding vaccine “certification.” A system to
validate proof of vaccination for arriving travellers should be made available as soon as possible.
The Panel proposes a focus on emerging evidence in the ongoing implementation and revision of border measures
for vaccinated travellers:
effectiveness of vaccines in reducing COVID-19 transmission
effectiveness of vaccines against VoCs and the prevention of their transmission
effectiveness for “partially” vaccinated travellers (those who have received 1 dose of a 2-dose vaccine)
SARS-CoV-2 and VoC importation among vaccinated travellers using border surveillance data
The Panel notes that while an evolution towards a consistent approach is recommended, travellers may be
required to follow additional provincial and territorial requirements or restrictions. For example, Nova Scotia
currently requires travellers outside of the Atlantic bubble (New Brunswick, PEI, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and
Labrador) to self-isolate for 14 days when arriving in or returning to Nova Scotia.
In designing and deploying border measures that are intended to minimize risks, adherence to public health
measures during the continued roll-out of vaccines remains critical. The unintended consequences, including
impacts on compliance, associated with lower stringency measures for those already vaccinated must also be
considered, as vaccination prioritization strategies may cause age-based differences in the ability to travel at the