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Gender Identity refers to one’s sense of oneself as male, female, or
something else (American Psychological Association, 2006). When one’s
gender identity and biological sex are not congruent, the individual may
identify along the transgender spectrum (cf. Gainor, 2000; APA guidelines).
Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation are Different Constructs
Transgender people, like cisgender people, may be sexually oriented toward
men, women, both sexes, or neither sex, and like most people, usually
experience their gender identity (who they feel themselves to be) and their
sexual orientation (whom they are attracted to) as separate phenomena
(Bockting & Gray, 2004; Chivers & Bailey, 2000; Coleman, Bockting, &
Gooren, 1993; Docter & Fleming, 2001; Docter & Prince, 1997). Many
transgender people experience a shift in their sexual attractions at some point
(Daskalos, 1998; Meier, Pardo, Labuski, & Babcock, 2013), indicating that
sexual orientation may be more dynamic than previously thought.
Gender Non-Conforming is an adjective and umbrella term to describe
individuals whose gender expression, gender identity, or gender role differs
from gender norms associated with their assigned birth sex. Subpopulations
of the TGNC community can develop specialized language to represent their
experience and culture, such as the term “masculine of center” that is used in
communities of color to describe a GNC identity.
Gender Role fefers to a pattern of appearance, personality, and behavior that, in a given culture, is associated with
being a boy/man/male or being a girl/woman/female.. A person’s gender role may or may not conform to what is
expected based on a person’s sex assigned at birth. Gender role may also refer to the social role one is living in (e.g.,
as a woman, a man, or another gender), with some role characteristics conforming and others not conforming to what is
associated with girls/women or boys/men in a given culture and time.
Genderqueer refers to a person whose gender identity falls outside of the gender binary (i.e. identies with neither
or both genders). Genderqueers may also use the term “gender uid” as an identier but typically reject the term
“transgender” because it implies a change from one gender category to another.
Intersex refers to a range of conditions associated with atypical development of physical sex characteristics (American
Psychological Association [APA], 2006). Intersex individuals may be born with chromosomes, genitals, and/or gonads
that do not t typical female or male presentations (OII-USA, 2013). Some examples of these conditions include
ambiguous external genitals, inability of the body to respond typically to sex-related hormones, and inconsistency
between external genitals and internal reproductive organs (APA, 2006). Since 2006, the medical and research
community has used the term Disorders of Sex Development. This term refers to congenital conditions characterized by
atypical development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex (Houk, Hughes, Ahmed, Lee, & Writing Committee
for the International Intersex Consensus Conference Participants, 2006). An alternate term – Differences of Sex
Development – has been recommended to prevent a view of these conditions as diseased or pathological (Wisemann,
Udo-Koeller, Sinnecker, & Thyen, 2010). In order to be inclusive of various terminology preferences, this document will
use intersex/DSD when referring to individuals who are part of this community.
Pansexual “is most commonly used in the world outside academia as a sexual identity [and sexual orientation] term
similar to ‘bisexuality,’ but more inclusive of trans people. It also shows an awareness of the implied gender binary in
the term ‘bisexual.’” (Elizabeth, 2013, p. 333)
Pushout: a student who leaves school before graduation due to the encouragement of school personnel, often to
enable the school to achieve a performance goal or to lower disruption within the school or because the school views
the student as too much trouble. This term is in contrast to “drop out” to highlight the institutional inuence on individual
behavior. (retrieved from http://www.ndyouthinfo.gov/youth-topics/lgbtq-youth)