2 drops concentrated H
2
SO
4
(sp gr 1.84) and
adding 2 to 3 mL starch indicator solution.
Immediate appearance of blue color indicates the
presence of IO
3
-1
; slow color formation is caused
by atmospheric oxidation.
5.4 Sodium thiosulfate standard solution,
0.010N: Dissolve 2.482 g Na
2
S
2
O
3
•5H
2
O in car-
bon dioxide-free water and dilute 1 L with car-
bon dioxide-free water. Standardize against KIO
3
as follows: Dry approx. 0.5 g KIO
3
for 2 h at 180
°C. Dissolve 0.3567 g in water and dilute to 1,000
mL. Pipet 25.0 mL KIO
3
solution into a 250-mL
Erlenmeyer flask, then add successively 75 mL
deionized water and 0.5 g iodate-free KI. After
solution is complete, add 10 mL HCl (sp gr 1.19).
Allow the stoppered flask to stand 5 min in the
dark and titrate with Na
2
S
2
O
3
solution, adding
starch indicator solution as the end point is
approached (light-straw color):
0.25
Normality of Na
2
S
2
O
3
= ——————
mL Na
2
S
2
O
3
Adjust the normality of the thiosulfate stand-
ard solution, if necessary, to 0.010 by addition of
small quantities of demineralized water or sodium
thiosulfate as indicated by the first titration.
Confirm the normality by restandardization.
5.5 Starch indicator solution, stable (NOTE 1).
NOTE 1. A convenient substitute for starch
indicator solution is the product thyodene, sold by
Fisher Scientific Co. It can be used in its dry form
and produces an end point similar to that of starch.
6. Procedure
6.1 Shake the sample vigorously and
immediately pipet a volume of sample with ZnS in
suspension containing less than 1.5 mg S
-2
(100.0
mL max) into a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask, and
adjust the volume to approx. 100 mL.
6.2 Prepare a blank of approx. 100 mL de-
mineralized water, and carry it through the
procedure with the sample.
6.3 Add 10.0 mL 0.010N I
2
and mix.
6.4 Without delay add 10 mL concentrated HCl.
6.5 Immediately titrate the excess 12 with
0.010N Na
2
S
2
O
3
, adding 2 to 3 mL starch in-
dicator solution as the end point is approached
(light-straw color).
7. Calculations
1,000
S
-2
(mg/L) = ———————— X 0.1603
mL sample
X (mL blank titrant-mL sample titrant)
8. Report
Report sulfide, total (00745), concentrations as
follows: 0.5 to 10 mg/L, one decimal; 10 mg/L
and above, two significant figures.
9. Precision
Precision data are not available for this method.
References
American Public Health Association, 1980, Standard methods
for the examination of water and wastewater (15th ed.):
Washington, D.C., p. 448.
Kolthoff, I. M., Sandell, E. B., Meehan, E. J., and Brucken-
stein, S., 1969, Quantitative Chemical Analysis (4th
ed.): New York, Macmillan, p. 857.