NT 1152
Introduction to NT Greek
Summer 2022
Princeton Seminary
Dr. Eric D. Barreto
Online
Teaching Assistants
TBD
Catalog Course Description
An introduction to the elements of New Testament Greek, with an emphasis on
mastering forms, basic vocabulary, syntax, and reading the Greek New
Testament. Standard reference works for biblical exegesis will be presented. This
course does not fulfill Biblical Studies Department distribution requirements. 6
credits.
Student Learning Outcomes
At the end of this course, students will be able to:
1. Understand basic Greek grammar, syntax, and vocabulary.
2. Apply this knowledge to the translation and interpretation of New Testament texts.
3. Use basic print and digital resources for the exegesis of the New Testament in
Greek.
4. Come to see themselves as active interpreters of New Testament texts.
5. Value the utility of Greek in the interpretation and teaching of the New Testament.
6. Prepare for further study of the New Testament in the curriculum and the
continued utilization of Greek in ministry contexts and/or the academic study of
Scripture.
Enduring Understandings
1. Knowledge of New Testament Greek can be a vital component of the tasks of
ministry, whether in preaching, teaching, or pastoral care.
2. Familiarity with New Testament Greek is a valuable tool in the interpretation of New
Testament texts by allowing for fuller comprehension of exegetical commentaries and
scholarly articles.
3. Translations are not absolute renderings of the Greek texts; they are approximations
rooted in a certain time, place, and translational philosophy. Understanding the
2
decisions translators and text critics make is a path towards more accurate and
compelling readings of Scripture.
4. With basic tools and the help of new technologies, students can continue their Greek
proficiency throughout a lifetime of ministry and study.
Key Knowledge and Skills
1. Familiarity with basic Greek grammar.
2. Memorization of the most commonly appearing vocabulary in the New Testament.
3. Ability to translate New Testament texts with appropriate grammatical and lexical
helps.
4. Ability to use computerized Bible software such as Accordance in the exegetical
process.
Required Textbooks
Croy, N. Clayton. A Primer of Biblical Greek. Eerdmans, 2011.
Jeong, Mark. A Greek Reader: Companion to A Primer of Biblical Greek. Eerdmans,
2022.
Recommended Textbooks
Bauer, Walter and Frederick W. Danker. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament
and Other Early Christian Literature. 3d ed. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 2000. This lexicon is also available as an additional module for Bibleworks
or Accordance.
Lamerson, Samuel. English Grammar to Ace New Testament Greek. Zondervan, 2004.
Metzger, Bruce M. Lexical Aids for Students of New Testament Greek. Baker Academic,
1998.
Nestle-Aland. Novum Testamentum Graece. 28
th
edition. Stuttgart: Deutsche
Bibelgesellschaft, 2012.
Course Requirements
1. Attendance - According to the PTS Handbook (6.5.2), “It is normally expected that an
enrolled student will attend a minimum of eighty percent of class periods. Failure to
satisfy this minimum attendance requirement constitutes grounds for failure of the
course.”
2. Weekly Grammar Quizzes (15%) - Covering the week’s lessons, these grammar
quizzes will be taken without notes or other helps with a 30-minute time limit. The
weekly quizzes must be completed by midnight on Saturdays.
3. Weekly Vocabulary Quizzes (15%) - Similarly, weekly vocabulary quizzes must be
completed by midnight on Saturdays without notes or other helps within a 15-minute
time limit.
3. Five Exams (60%) – Exams will be on [insert dates]. The exams will ask you to
translate several Greek sentences and then answer grammatical questions about your
translation.
3
4. Homework (10%) - During each precept session, assigned homework will be due and
turned in to preceptors.
5. Grade Scale -
A 94-100 A- 90-93
B+ 87-89 B 84-86 B- 80-83
C+ 77-79 C 74-76 C- 70-73
D+ 67-69 D 64-66 D- 60-63 F 0-59
6. Pass/D/Fail - A grade of 70% or higher is required to pass. You may take the class
Pass/D/Fail. Pass/D/Fail forms are available in the Registrar’s office. It may be
necessary to check with your judicatory to make sure they will allow Pass/D/Fail for
Greek.
Course Policies
1. Teaching and Learning in a Pandemic — It is our hope that as we teach and learn
this semester, we will help create a meaningful learning community together. We hope
that this class will be a place of growth, challenge, joy, and creativity.!The continued
uncertainties surrounding the pandemic presents a unique set of challenges for all of us.
We want to ensure that all students are able to participate meaningfully in our class.
Although we are trying to build flexibility into the syllabus and accommodate things that
we can foresee, our insight into your situation is limited.
Please communicate your needs to the teaching team; reach out to let us know if and
when something is causing you concern or undue trouble. We will work through these
difficult times together. It is our conviction that the intentional reading and writing,
learning and reflection we will engage in together during this time can be both a
welcome way to focus our lives on God but also a way to equip us all to be witnesses
and prophets of God’s reign of justice, grace, and love.
2. Inclusive Language in Class Discussion and Assignments — In order to cultivate an
environment of inclusion and non-discrimination and to ensure clarity in written
communication, students should use non-gendered pronouns and nouns when referring
to mixed-gender groups (e.g., “humanity” rather than “man” or “mankind”) or when the
gender of a subject is unknown. Visit http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/gender-
sensitive-language/ for a helpful guide on employing gender-sensitive language in your
writing.
All language is insufficient to describe God. Moreover, Scripture uses both masculine
and feminine metaphors to explain God’s relationship with God’s creation. Students are
encouraged to avoid using gender-specific pronouns for God or to use male and female
pronouns interchangeably. If the use of gender-specific pronouns is necessary to make
an argument about a particular biblical text, that usage should be acknowledged in a
footnote.
4
Dr. Barreto’s pronouns are he/his.
3. PTS Academic Integrity PolicyAs the Seminary Handbook states: “Freedom of
inquiry can flourish only in a community that recognizes that intellectual integrity in one’s
academic work lies at the heart of its mission” (7.1). All students are expected to
maintain integrity in all of their academic submissions and oral presentations and abide
by the academic integrity policy. Plagiarism includes but is not limited to unattributed
quotations, unattributed paraphrasing, unauthorized multiple submissions, false
citations, and false submissions. Please refer to the Seminary Handbook for specific
terms, definitions, and institutional policies related to the norms of academic integrity.
4. Academic Support — The Office of Academic Affairs offers instruction and support to
guide PTS students towards more efficient and effective academic study skills and
strategies. For assistance, contact [email protected].
5. Accessibility Accommodations — PTS provides reasonable accommodations to
students with disabilities who self-identify through the Office of Academic Affairs.
Students must register with the office (Academic Affairs, Admin Bldg Room 124,
[email protected]) for disability verification and determination of eligibility
for reasonable academic accommodations.!Please submit requests at the beginning of
the semester or as soon as possible.
6. Digital Learning and IT SupportThe Office of Digital Learning provides digital
support and tools for collaboration, research, writing, and presentation through our on-
campus Digital Learning Lab (DLL) and our online presence.
For general information regarding using digital tools for your coursework, visit https://
learning.ptsem.edu/
For support or training using digital tools email [email protected]
For questions or help with Brightspace, email [email protected]
For questions or help with Brightspace, email [email protected]
For questions about your computer, ptsem login, password, access to Webex, or
Microsoft O365, please email [email protected]!
7. Nondiscrimination and Anti-Harassment (Title VI/Title IX) Statement — Please be
aware all Princeton Seminary faculty members are “responsible employees,” which
means that if you tell me about a situation involving racial discrimination, sexual
harassment, sexual assault, dating violence, domestic violence, or stalking, I must
share that information with the Seminary’s Title VI/Title IX Co-Coordinators, Kurt
Gabbard and Yedea Walker. Although I have to make that notification, you will control
how your case will be handled, including whether or not you wish to pursue a formal
complaint. Our goal is to make sure you are aware of the range of options available to
you and have access to the resources you need. For more information on the
Nondiscrimination and Anti-Harassment Policy, contact the Co-Coordinators at
T[email protected] or Kurt Gabbard at 609-497-7705 or Yedea Walker
at 609-430-2771.
5
8. Disclaimer — The course syllabus should not be understood as an inflexible contract
with the members of the class, but the terms will be honored to the greatest extent
possible (Faculty Manual 13.3.1).
Recommended Daily Schedule
This course is designed as an intensive experience. The instructor and preceptors seek
to provide ample resources to facilitate your learning. The time you spend in study will,
however, prove essential. Thus, we structure this course assuming you are spending
the equivalent of a full-time job for the 8-weeks of this course.
The following is a recommended, typical daily schedule.
Summer Schedule
WEEK 1
WEEK 2
Read and study assigned lesson
1 hour
Watch lecture and review lesson
30 minutes
Complete Practice and Review sentences in Croy
1 hour
Memorize Vocabulary
1 hour
Participate in precept
90 minutes
Read from Jeong’s A Greek Reader
1 hour
Review
1 hour
Total
7 hours
June 27
Course Introduction / Lesson 1: Alphabet
June 28
Lesson 2: Verbs
June 29
Lesson 3: First Declension Nouns
June 30
Lesson 4: Second Declension Nouns
July 1
Review
July 4
Holiday / No Class
July 5
Lesson 5: Adjectives
6
WEEK 3
WEEK 4
WEEK 5
July 6
Lesson 6: Prepositions
July 7
Lesson 7: Pronouns
July 8
Lesson 8: Demonstratives
July 11
Exam 1
July 12
Lesson 9: Present Middle/Passive
July 13
Lesson 10: Imperfect Active
July 14
Lesson 11: Imperfect Middle/Passive
July 15
Lesson 12: Future
July 18
Lesson 13: First Aorist
July 19
Lesson 14: Second Aorist
July 20
Lesson 15: Perfect and Pluperfect
July 21
Lesson 16: Aorist and Future Passive
July 22
Review
July 25
Exam 2
July 26
Lesson 17: Third Declension
July 27
Lesson 18: Participles I
7
WEEK 6
WEEK 7
WEEK 8
July 28
Lesson 19: Participles II
July 29
Lesson 20: Participles III
August 1
Review
August 2
Lesson 21: Contract Verbs
August 3
Lesson 22: Liquid Verbs
August 4
Lesson 23: Subjunctive
August 5
Lesson 24: Infinitive
August 8
Lesson 25: Third Declension
August 9
Lesson 26: Imperative
August 10
Lesson 27: Relative Pronouns
August 11
Lesson 28: δίδωμι
August 12
Review
August 15
Lesson 29: τίθημι
August 16
Lesson 30: ἵστημι
August 17
Lesson 31-32: Miscellany
August 18
Review
August 19
Final Exam