1
CAREER PATHWAY
NETWORK OPERATIONS
SPECIALIST (441)
November 2020
Developed By:
The Interagency
Federal Cyber Career
Pathways Working
Group
Endorsed By:
CLEARED
For Open Publication
Department of Defense
OFFICE OF PREPUBLICATION AND SECURITY REVIEW
Jan 28, 2021
2
Table of Contents
CAREER PATHWAY NETWORK OPERATIONS .............................................................................................. 1
SPECIALIST (441) .................................................................................................................................................. 1
1 441-NETWORK OPERATIONS SPECIALIST ............................................................................................ 3
1.1 Work Role Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Core Tasks .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 Core Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities ............................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Core Competencies ................................................................................................................................................... 9
1.5 Suggested Qualifications / Capability Indicators ..................................................................................... 12
2 APPENDIX: 441-NETWORK OPERATIONS SPECIALIST TASK ANALYSIS AND KSA MAPPING
13
2.1 Key to Reading the Task Analysis and KSA Mapping .............................................................................. 13
2.2 441-Network Operations Specialist Task Analysis and KSA Mapping ............................................ 14
3
1 441-NETWORK OPERATIONS SPECIALIST
1.1 WORK ROLE OVERVIEW
The table below provides an overview of various role-specific elements related to 441-Network
Operations Specialist.
Table 1. 441- Network Operations Specialist Work Role Overview
NICE Role
Description
Plans, implements, and operates network services / systems, to include hardware and
virtual environments.
OPM
Occupational
Series
Personnel performing the 441-Network Operations Specialist work role are most
commonly aligned to the following Occupational Series: (Top 5 Shown)
- 2210 – Information Technology – 70%
- 391 – Telecommunications – 11%
- 856 – Electronics Technical – 10%
- 855 – Electronics Engineering – 2%
- 1550 – Computer Science – 1%
Work Role
Pairings
Personnel performing the 441-Network Operations Specialist work role are most
commonly paired with the following complimentary Work Roles (Top 5 shown):
- 411-Technical Support Specialist – 35%
- 451-System Administrator – 29%
- 521-Cyber Defense Infrastructure Support Specialist – 6%
- 641-Systems Requirements Planner – 5%
- 461-Systems Security Analyst – 3%
Functional
Titles
Personnel performing the 441-Network Operations Specialist work role may
unofficially or alternatively be called:
- Network Administrator
- Network Analyst
- Network Designer
- Network Engineer
- Network Systems and Data Communications Analyst
- Network Systems Engineer
- Telecommunications Engineer/ Personnel/ Specialist
Distribution
of GS-Levels
Personnel performing the 441-Network Operations Specialist is most commonly found
within the following grades on the General Schedule.*
- ☐ GS-4 – redacted**
- ☐ GS-5 – redacted**
- ☐ GS-6 – redacted**
- ☐ GS-7 – redacted**
4
- ☒ GS-9 – 5%
- ☐ GS-10 – redacted**
- ☒ GS-11 – 18%
- ☒ GS-12 – 32%
- ☒ GS-13 – 23%
- ☒ GS-14 – 8%
- ☐ GS-15 – redacted**
*12% of all 441s are in non-GS pay plans and excluded from this GS distribution
**Percentages below 3% and below are redacted
On Ramps
The following work roles are examples of logical roles an individual may perform prior
to transitioning into the 441-Network Operations Specialist work role:
- 411-Technical Support Specialist
- 421-Database Administrator
- 451-System Administrator
Off Ramps
The following work roles are examples of common transitions an individual may pursue after
having performed the 441-Network Operations Specialist work role. This is not an exhaustive
list, nor does it consider learning and development opportunities an individual may pursue to
prepare themselves for performing alternate work roles:
- 421-Database Administrator
- 461-Systems Security Analyst
- 511-Cyber Defense Analyst
- 541-Vulnerability Assessment Analyst
- 632-Systems Developer
- 641-Systems Requirements Planner
- 671-System Testing and Evaluation
- 521-Cyber Defense Infrastructure Support Specialist
- 722-Information Systems Security Manager
*Note: Leveraging the knowledge, skills, abilities, and tasks of the 441-Network
Operations Specialist work role, individuals may prepare themselves to transition into
one or more of the following cross-functional work roles:
- 711- Cyber Instructional Curriculum Developer
- 712-Cyber Instructor
- 732-Privacy Officer / Privacy Compliance Manager
- 751-Cyber Workforce Developer and Manager
- 752-Cyber Policy and Strategy Planner
- 802-IT Project Manager
- 803-Product Support Manager
5
1.2 CORE TASKS
The table below provides a list of tasks that represent the Core, or baseline, expectations for
performance in the 441-Network Operations Specialist work role, as well as additional tasks that those
in this role may be expected to perform.
Table 2. 441-Network Operations Specialist Core Tasks
Task ID
Task Description
Core or
Additional
T0035
Configure and optimize network hubs, routers, and switches (e.g., higher-level protocols,
tunneling).
Core
T0065
Develop and implement network backup and recovery procedures.
Core
T0081
Diagnose network connectivity problem.
Core
T0125
Install and maintain network infrastructure device operating system software (e.g., IOS,
firmware).
Core
T0126
Install or replace network hubs, routers, and switches.
Core
T0153
Monitor network capacity and performance.
Core
T0160
Patch network vulnerabilities to ensure information is safeguarded against outside parties.
Core
T0232
Test and maintain network infrastructure including software and hardware devices.
Core
T0121
Implement new system design procedures, test procedures, and quality standards.
Additional
T0129
Integrate new systems into existing network architecture.
Additional
T0200
Provide feedback on network requirements, including network architecture and infrastructure.
Additional
6
1.3 CORE KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS, AND ABILITIES
The table below provides a ranking of KSAs that represent the Core, or baseline, expectations for
performance in the 441-Network Operations Specialist work role, as well as additional KSAs that those in
this role may be expected to demonstrate.
Table 3. 441-Network Operations Specialist Core KSAs
KSA ID
Description
Competency
Importance to
Work Role
K0004
Knowledge of cybersecurity principles.
Information Systems/Network
Security
Foundational to All
Work Roles
K0001
Knowledge of computer networking concepts and protocols, and
network security methodologies.
Infrastructure Design
Foundational to All
Work Roles
K0003
Knowledge of national and international laws, regulations, policies, and
ethics as they relate to cybersecurity.
Legal, Government, and
Jurisprudence
Foundational to All
Work Roles
K0002
Knowledge of risk management processes (e.g., methods for assessing
and mitigating risk).
Risk Management
Foundational to All
Work Roles
K0005
Knowledge of cyber threats and vulnerabilities.
Vulnerabilities Assessment
Foundational to All
Work Roles
K0006
Knowledge of specific operational impacts of cybersecurity lapses.
Vulnerabilities Assessment
Foundational to All
Work Roles
S0150
Skill in implementing and testing network infrastructure contingency
and recovery plans.
Business Continuity
Core
S0079
Skill in protecting a network against malware. (e.g., NIPS, anti-malware,
restrict/prevent external devices, spam filters).
Computer Network Defense
Core
K0104
Knowledge of Virtual Private Network (VPN) security.
Encryption
Core
K0038
Knowledge of cybersecurity and privacy principles used to manage risks
related to the use, processing, storage, and transmission of information
or data.
Information Assurance
Core
K0049
Knowledge of information technology (IT) security principles and
methods (e.g., firewalls, demilitarized zones, encryption).
Information Systems/Network
Security
Core
K0179
Knowledge of network security architecture concepts including
topology, protocols, components, and principles (e.g., application of
defense-in-depth).
Information Systems/Network
Security
Core
S0170
Skill in configuring and utilizing computer protection components (e.g.,
hardware firewalls, servers, routers, as appropriate).
Information Systems/Network
Security
Core
S0040
Skill in implementing, maintaining, and improving established network
security practices.
Information Systems/Network
Security
Core
S0077
Skill in securing network communications.
Information Systems/Network
Security
Core
K0053
Knowledge of measures or indicators of system performance and
availability.
Information Technology
Assessment
Core
K0011
Knowledge of capabilities and applications of network equipment
including hubs, routers, switches, bridges, servers, transmission media,
and related hardware.
Infrastructure Design
Core
K0113
Knowledge of different types of network communication (e.g., LAN,
WAN, MAN, WLAN, WWAN).
Infrastructure Design
Core
K0061
Knowledge of how traffic flows across the network (e.g., Transmission
Control Protocol [TCP] and Internet Protocol [IP], Open System
Infrastructure Design
Core
7
KSA ID
Description
Competency
Importance to
Work Role
Interconnection Model [OSI], Information Technology Infrastructure
Library, current version [ITIL]).
K0050
Knowledge of local area and wide area networking principles and
concepts including bandwidth management.
Infrastructure Design
Core
K0332
Knowledge of network protocols such as TCP/IP, Dynamic Host
Configuration, Domain Name System (DNS), and directory services.
Infrastructure Design
Core
K0029
Knowledge of organization's Local and Wide Area Network connections.
Infrastructure Design
Core
K0137
Knowledge of the range of existing networks (e.g., PBX, LANs, WANs,
WIFI, SCADA).
Infrastructure Design
Core
S0035
Skill in establishing a routing schema.
Infrastructure Design
Core
S0162
Skill in applying various subnet techniques (e.g., CIDR)
Infrastructure Design
Core
A0055
Ability to operate common network tools (e.g., ping, traceroute,
nslookup).
Network Management
Core
A0052
Ability to operate network equipment including hubs, routers, switches,
bridges, servers, transmission media, and related hardware.
Network Management
Core
K0180
Knowledge of network systems management principles, models,
methods (e.g., end-to-end systems performance monitoring), and tools.
Network Management
Core
S0004
Skill in analyzing network traffic capacity and performance
characteristics.
Network Management
Core
S0084
Skill in configuring and utilizing network protection components (e.g.,
Firewalls, VPNs, network intrusion detection systems).
Network Management
Core
S0041
Skill in installing, configuring, and troubleshooting LAN and WAN
components such as routers, hubs, and switches.
Network Management
Core
S0056
Skill in using network management tools to analyze network traffic
patterns (e.g., simple network management protocol).
Network Management
Core
K0111
Knowledge of network tools (e.g., ping, traceroute, nslookup)
Network Management
Core
A0058
Ability to execute OS command line (e.g., ipconfig, netstat, dir, nbtstat).
Operating Systems
Core
A0063
Ability to operate different electronic communication systems and
methods (e.g., e-mail, VOIP, IM, web forums, Direct Video Broadcasts).
System Administration
Core
K0076
Knowledge of server administration and systems engineering theories,
concepts, and methods.
Systems Integration
Core
K0071
Knowledge of remote access technology concepts.
Technology Awareness
Core
K0108
Knowledge of concepts, terminology, and operations of a wide range of
communications media (computer and telephone networks, satellite,
fiber, wireless).
Telecommunications
Core
K0010
Knowledge of communication methods, principles, and concepts (e.g.,
crypto, dual hubs, time multiplexers) that support the network
infrastructure.
Telecommunications
Core
K0093
Knowledge of telecommunications concepts (e.g., Communications
channel, Systems Link Budgeting, Spectral efficiency, Multiplexing).
Telecommunications
Core
K0136
Knowledge of the capabilities of different electronic communication
systems and methods (e.g., e-mail, VOIP, IM, web forums, Direct Video
Broadcasts).
Telecommunications
Core
K0135
Knowledge of web filtering technologies.
Web Technology
Core
K0160
Knowledge of the common attack vectors on the network layer.
Computer Network Defense
Additional
K0260
Knowledge of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) data security
standards.
Data Privacy and Protection
Additional
8
KSA ID
Description
Competency
Importance to
Work Role
K0261
Knowledge of Payment Card Industry (PCI) data security standards.
Data Privacy and Protection
Additional
K0262
Knowledge of Personal Health Information (PHI) data security standards.
Data Privacy and Protection
Additional
K0622
Knowledge of controls related to the use, processing, storage, and
transmission of data.
Database Administration
Additional
K0201
Knowledge of symmetric key rotation techniques and concepts.
Encryption
Additional
K0200
Knowledge of service management concepts for networks and related
standards (e.g., Information Technology Infrastructure Library, current
version [ITIL]).
Enterprise Architecture
Additional
K0203
Knowledge of security models (e.g., Bell-LaPadula model, Biba integrity
model, Clark-Wilson integrity model).
Information Assurance
Additional
K0287
Knowledge of an organization's information classification program and
procedures for information compromise.
Information Management
Additional
A0062
Ability to monitor measures or indicators of system performance and
availability.
Information Technology
Assessment
Additional
K0113
Knowledge of different types of network communication (e.g., LAN,
WAN, MAN, WLAN, WWAN).
Infrastructure Design
Additional
A0059
Ability to operate the organization's LAN/WAN pathways.
Network Management
Additional
A0065
Ability to monitor traffic flows across the network.
Network Management
Additional
A0159
Ability to interpret the information collected by network tools (e.g.
Nslookup, Ping, and Traceroute).
Network Management
Additional
K0138
Knowledge of Wi-Fi.
Telecommunications
Additional
K0159
Knowledge of Voice over IP (VoIP).
Telecommunications
Additional
K0274
Knowledge of transmission records (e.g., Bluetooth, Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID), Infrared Networking (IR), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi).
paging, cellular, satellite dishes, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)),
and jamming techniques that enable transmission of undesirable
information, or prevent installed systems from operating correctly.
Telecommunications
Additional
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1.4 CORE COMPETENCIES
The table below is a compilation of competencies aligned to the 441-Network Operations Specialist
work role, and their associated importance. Listed competencies are collections of three or more similar
Knowledge, Skills, or Abilities aligned to the Work Role. These competencies originate from the NICE
Framework Competency Pivot Tool.
Table 4. 441-Network Operations Specialist Core Competencies
Technical
Competency
Comp
. ID
Definition
Work Role Related KSAs
Importance
Network
Management
C033
This area contains KSAs that
relate to the operation,
management, and
maintenance of network and
telecommunication systems
and linked systems and
peripherals.
· Skill in analyzing network traffic capacity and performance
characteristics. (S0004)
· Ability to interpret the information collected by network
tools (e.g. Nslookup, Ping, and Traceroute). (A0159)
· Skill in installing, configuring, and troubleshooting LAN and
WAN components such as routers, hubs, and switches.
(S0041)
· Ability to monitor traffic flows across the network. (A0065)
· Knowledge of network tools (e.g., ping, traceroute,
nslookup). (K0111)
· Ability to operate common network tools (e.g., ping,
traceroute, nslookup). (A0055)
· Skill in configuring and utilizing network protection
components (e.g., Firewalls, VPNs, network intrusion
detection systems). (S0084)
· Ability to operate network equipment including hubs,
routers, switches, bridges, servers, transmission media,
and related hardware. (A0052)
· Skill in using network management tools to analyze
network traffic patterns (e.g., simple network
management protocol). (S0056)
· Ability to operate the organization's LAN/WAN pathways.
(A0059)
· Knowledge of network systems management principles,
models, methods (e.g., end-to-end systems performance
monitoring), and tools. (K0180)
Core
10
Technical
Competency
Comp
. ID
Definition
Work Role Related KSAs
Importance
Infrastructure
Design
C026
This area contains KSAs that
relate to the architecture and
typology of software,
hardware, and networks,
including LANS, WANS, and
telecommunications systems,
their components and
associated protocols and
standards, and how they
operate and integrate with
one another and with
associated controlling
software.
· Knowledge of the range of existing networks (e.g., PBX,
LANs, WANs, WIFI, SCADA). (K0137)
· Knowledge of network protocols such as TCP/IP, Dynamic
Host Configuration, Domain Name System (DNS), and
directory services. (K0332)
· Skill in establishing a routing schema. (S0035)
· Knowledge of computer networking concepts and
protocols, and network security methodologies. (K0001)
· Knowledge of organization's Local and Wide Area Network
connections. (K0029)
· Knowledge of different types of network communication
(e.g., LAN, WAN, MAN, WLAN, WWAN). (K0113)
· Skill in applying various subnet techniques (e.g., CIDR)
(S0162)
· Knowledge of how traffic flows across the network (e.g.,
Transmission Control Protocol [TCP] and Internet Protocol
[IP], Open System Interconnection Model [OSI],
Information Technology Infrastructure Library, current
version [ITIL]). (K0061)
· Knowledge of capabilities and applications of network
equipment including routers, switches, bridges, servers,
transmission media, and related hardware. (K0011)
· Knowledge of local area and wide area networking
principles and concepts including bandwidth management.
(K0050)
Core
Telecommuni
cations
C054
This area contains KSAs that
relate to the transmissions,
broadcasting, switching,
control, and operation of
telecommunications and/or
telephony or conferencing
systems and related network
infrastructure.
· Knowledge of communication methods, principles, and
concepts that support the network infrastructure. (K0010)
· Knowledge of Voice over IP (VoIP). (K0159)
· Knowledge of transmission records (e.g., Bluetooth, Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID), Infrared Networking (IR),
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi). paging, cellular, satellite dishes,
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)), and jamming
techniques that enable transmission of undesirable
information, or prevent installed systems from operating
correctly. (K0274)
· Knowledge of concepts, terminology, and operations of a
wide range of communications media (computer and
telephone networks, satellite, fiber, wireless). (K0108)
· Knowledge of Wi-Fi. (K0138)
· Knowledge of telecommunications concepts (e.g.,
Communications channel, Systems Link Budgeting, Spectral
efficiency, Multiplexing). (K0093)
· Knowledge of the capabilities of different electronic
communication systems and methods (e.g., e-mail, VOIP,
IM, web forums, Direct Video Broadcasts). (K0136)
Core
11
Technical
Competency
Comp
. ID
Definition
Work Role Related KSAs
Importance
Information
Systems/Net
work Security
C024
This area contains KSAs that
relate to the methods, tools,
and procedures, including
development of information
security plans to prevent
information systems
vulnerabilities and to provide
or restore security of
information systems and
network services.
· Skill in configuring and utilizing computer protection
components (e.g., hardware firewalls, servers, routers, as
appropriate). (S0170)
· Skill in securing network communications. (S0077)
· Skill in implementing, maintaining, and improving
established network security practices. (S0040)
· Knowledge of information technology (IT) security
principles and methods (e.g., firewalls, demilitarized zones,
encryption). (K0049)
· Knowledge of cybersecurity and privacy principles. (K0004)
· Knowledge of network security architecture concepts
including topology, protocols, components, and principles
(e.g., application of defense-in-depth). (K0179)
Core
Data Privacy
and
Protection
C014
This area contains KSAs that
relate to the relationship
between the collection and
dissemination of data,
technology, the public
expectation of privacy, legal
and political issues
surrounding them
· Knowledge of Payment Card Industry (PCI) data security
standards. (K0261)
· Knowledge of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) data
security standards. (K0260)
· Knowledge of Personal Health Information (PHI) data
security standards. (K0262)
Additional
12
1.5 SUGGESTED QUALIFICATIONS / CAPABILITY INDICATORS
Table 5. 441-Network Operations Specialist Suggested Qualifications / Capability Indicators
For indicators of capability for the 441-Network Operations Specialist work role, please see Draft NISTR
8193 - National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) Framework Work Role Capability Indicators.
Section to be populated with updated DoD-8140 Qualification Matrix for 441-Network Operations
Specialist.
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2 APPENDIX: 441-NETWORK OPERATIONS SPECIALIST
TASK ANALYSIS AND KSA MAPPING
2.1 KEY TO READING THE TASK ANALYSIS AND KSA MAPPING
Table 6. Key to Reading the Task Analysis and KSA Mapping
Proficiency
Task Statement
Importance
As Written
Task as written within the NICE Cybersecurity Workforce Framework (NICE Framework).
Overall Importance to Work
Role
Entry
Example behavioral indicator / task permutation for performing this task at an Entry skills proficiency level.
Intermediate
Example behavioral indicator / task permutation for performing this task at an Intermediate skills proficiency level.
Advanced
Example behavioral indicator / task permutation for performing this task at an Advanced skills proficiency level.
Table 7. Primary Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities Required to Perform the above Task
KSA ID
Description
Competency
ID of K, S, or A
Knowledge, Skill or Ability needed to perform the task as written within the NICE Framework
Competency mapped to the
individual K, S, or A.
14
2.2 441-NETWORK OPERATIONS SPECIALIST TASK ANALYSIS AND KSA MAPPING
Table 8. T0081 Task Analysis
Proficiency
Task Statement
Importance
As Written within
Framework
Diagnose network connectivity problems.
Core
Entry
· Diagnose basic network connectivity problems.
Intermediate
· Diagnose network connectivity problems.
Advanced
· Diagnose complex and/or enterprise-wide network connectivity problems.
Table 9. Primary Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities Required to Perform the above Task
KSA ID
Description
Competency
K0010
Knowledge of communication methods, principles, and concepts that support the
network infrastructure.
Telecommunications
K0011
Knowledge of capabilities and applications of network equipment including routers,
switches, bridges, servers, transmission media, and related hardware.
Infrastructure Design
K0029
Knowledge of organization's Local and Wide Area Network connections.
Infrastructure Design
K0049
Knowledge of information technology (IT) security principles and methods (e.g., firewalls,
demilitarized zones, encryption).
Information
Systems/Network Security
K0050
Knowledge of local area and wide area networking principles and concepts including
bandwidth management.
Infrastructure Design
K0053
Knowledge of measures or indicators of system performance and availability.
Information Technology
Assessment
K0061
Knowledge of how traffic flows across the network (e.g., Transmission Control Protocol
[TCP] and Internet Protocol [IP], Open System Interconnection Model [OSI], Information
Technology Infrastructure Library, current version [ITIL]).
Infrastructure Design
K0071
Knowledge of remote access technology concepts.
Technology Awareness
K0093
Knowledge of telecommunications concepts (e.g., Communications channel, Systems
Link Budgeting, Spectral efficiency, Multiplexing).
Telecommunications
K0104
Knowledge of Virtual Private Network (VPN) security.
Encryption
K0108
Knowledge of concepts, terminology, and operations of a wide range of communications
media (computer and telephone networks, satellite, fiber, wireless).
Telecommunications
K0111
Knowledge of network tools (e.g., ping, traceroute, nslookup)
Network Management
K0113
Knowledge of different types of network communication (e.g., LAN, WAN, MAN, WLAN,
WWAN).
Infrastructure Design
K0137
Knowledge of the range of existing networks (e.g., PBX, LANs, WANs, WIFI, SCADA).
Infrastructure Design
K0138
Knowledge of Wi-Fi.
Telecommunications
K0159
Knowledge of Voice over IP (VoIP).
Telecommunications
K0180
Knowledge of network systems management principles, models, methods (e.g., end-to-
end systems performance monitoring), and tools.
Network Management
K0332
Knowledge of network protocols such as TCP/IP, Dynamic Host Configuration, Domain
Name System (DNS), and directory services.
Infrastructure Design
S0004
Skill in analyzing network traffic capacity and performance characteristics.
Network Management
S0035
Skill in establishing a routing schema.
Infrastructure Design
S0040
Skill in implementing, maintaining, and improving established network security practices.
Information
Systems/Network Security
15
KSA ID
Description
Competency
S0041
Skill in installing, configuring, and troubleshooting LAN and WAN components such as
routers, hubs, and switches.
Network Management
S0056
Skill in using network management tools to analyze network traffic patterns (e.g., simple
network management protocol).
Network Management
S0084
Skill in configuring and utilizing network protection components (e.g., Firewalls, VPNs,
network intrusion detection systems).
Network Management
S0162
Skill in applying various subnet techniques (e.g., CIDR)
Infrastructure Design
A0052
Ability to operate network equipment including hubs, routers, switches, bridges, servers,
transmission media, and related hardware.
Network Management
A0055
Ability to operate common network tools (e.g., ping, traceroute, nslookup).
Network Management
A0058
Ability to execute OS command line (e.g., ipconfig, netstat, dir, nbtstat).
Operating Systems
A0059
Ability to operate the organization's LAN/WAN pathways.
Network Management
A0062
Ability to monitor measures or indicators of system performance and availability.
Information Technology
Assessment
A0065
Ability to monitor traffic flows across the network.
Network Management
A0159
Ability to interpret the information collected by network tools (e.g. Nslookup, Ping, and
Traceroute).
Network Management
16
Table 10. T0153 Task Analysis
Proficiency
Task Statement
Importance
As Written
within
Framework
Monitor network capacity and performance.
Core
Entry
· Review and monitor network capacity and performance.
Intermediate
· Monitor network capacity and performance.
Advanced
· Engage in network capacity planning; recommend and implement network architectural changes as appropriate.
Table 11. Primary Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities Required to Perform the above Task
KSA ID
Description
Competency
K0010
Knowledge of communication methods, principles, and concepts that support the network
infrastructure.
Telecommunications
K0011
Knowledge of capabilities and applications of network equipment including routers, switches, bridges,
servers, transmission media, and related hardware.
Infrastructure Design
K0029
Knowledge of organization's Local and Wide Area Network connections.
Infrastructure Design
K0050
Knowledge of local area and wide area networking principles and concepts including bandwidth
management.
Infrastructure Design
K0053
Knowledge of measures or indicators of system performance and availability.
Information
Technology
Assessment
K0061
Knowledge of how traffic flows across the network (e.g., Transmission Control Protocol [TCP] and
Internet Protocol [IP], Open System Interconnection Model [OSI], Information Technology
Infrastructure Library, current version [ITIL]).
Infrastructure Design
K0108
Knowledge of concepts, terminology, and operations of a wide range of communications media
(computer and telephone networks, satellite, fiber, wireless).
Telecommunications
K0111
Knowledge of network tools (e.g., ping, traceroute, nslookup)
Network
Management
K0113
Knowledge of different types of network communication (e.g., LAN, WAN, MAN, WLAN, WWAN).
Infrastructure Design
K0136
Knowledge of the capabilities of different electronic communication systems and methods (e.g., e-
mail, VOIP, IM, web forums, Direct Video Broadcasts).
Telecommunications
K0137
Knowledge of the range of existing networks (e.g., PBX, LANs, WANs, WIFI, SCADA).
Infrastructure Design
K0138
Knowledge of Wi-Fi.
Telecommunications
K0159
Knowledge of Voice over IP (VoIP).
Telecommunications
K0274
Knowledge of transmission records (e.g., Bluetooth, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Infrared
Networking (IR), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi). paging, cellular, satellite dishes, Voice over Internet Protocol
(VoIP)), and jamming techniques that enable transmission of undesirable information, or prevent
installed systems from operating correctly.
Telecommunications
K0332
Knowledge of network protocols such as TCP/IP, Dynamic Host Configuration, Domain Name System
(DNS), and directory services.
Infrastructure Design
S0004
Skill in analyzing network traffic capacity and performance characteristics.
Network
Management
S0035
Skill in establishing a routing schema.
Infrastructure Design
S0040
Skill in implementing, maintaining, and improving established network security practices.
Information
Systems/Network
Security
S0041
Skill in installing, configuring, and troubleshooting LAN and WAN components such as routers, hubs,
and switches.
Network
Management
17
KSA ID
Description
Competency
S0056
Skill in using network management tools to analyze network traffic patterns (e.g., simple network
management protocol).
Network
Management
S0077
Skill in securing network communications.
Information
Systems/Network
Security
S0150
Skill in implementing and testing network infrastructure contingency and recovery plans.
Business Continuity
S0162
Skill in applying various subnet techniques (e.g., CIDR)
Infrastructure Design
A0052
Ability to operate network equipment including hubs, routers, switches, bridges, servers, transmission
media, and related hardware.
Network
Management
A0055
Ability to operate common network tools (e.g., ping, traceroute, nslookup).
Network
Management
A0058
Ability to execute OS command line (e.g., ipconfig, netstat, dir, nbtstat).
Operating Systems
A0059
Ability to operate the organization's LAN/WAN pathways.
Network
Management
A0062
Ability to monitor measures or indicators of system performance and availability.
Information
Technology
Assessment
A0065
Ability to monitor traffic flows across the network.
Network
Management
A0159
Ability to interpret the information collected by network tools (e.g. Nslookup, Ping, and Traceroute).
Network
Management
18
Table 12. T0160 Task Analysis
Proficiency
Task Statement
Importance
As Written
within
Framework
Patch network vulnerabilities to ensure that information is safeguarded against outside parties.
Core
Entry
Under direct or indirect supervision, patch network vulnerabilities to ensure that information is safeguarded against outside
parties, in accordance with standard operating procedures.
Intermediate
· Patch network vulnerabilities to ensure that information is safeguarded against outside parties.
Advanced
· Conduct risk assessment & vulnerability analysis of network infrastructure and develop remediation solutions and patching
strategies. Assess the impact the remediation solution & patching strategy will have on production processes.
Table 13. Primary Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities Required to Perform the above Task
KSA ID
Description
Competency
K0011
Knowledge of capabilities and applications of network equipment including routers, switches, bridges,
servers, transmission media, and related hardware.
Infrastructure
Design
K0029
Knowledge of organization's Local and Wide Area Network connections.
Infrastructure
Design
K0049
Knowledge of information technology (IT) security principles and methods (e.g., firewalls, demilitarized
zones, encryption).
Information
Systems/Network
Security
K0050
Knowledge of local area and wide area networking principles and concepts including bandwidth
management.
Infrastructure
Design
K0053
Knowledge of measures or indicators of system performance and availability.
Information
Technology
Assessment
K0061
Knowledge of how traffic flows across the network (e.g., Transmission Control Protocol [TCP] and
Internet Protocol [IP], Open System Interconnection Model [OSI], Information Technology Infrastructure
Library, current version [ITIL]).
Infrastructure
Design
K0104
Knowledge of Virtual Private Network (VPN) security.
Encryption
K0111
Knowledge of network tools (e.g., ping, traceroute, nslookup)
Network
Management
K0113
Knowledge of different types of network communication (e.g., LAN, WAN, MAN, WLAN, WWAN).
Infrastructure
Design
K0137
Knowledge of the range of existing networks (e.g., PBX, LANs, WANs, WIFI, SCADA).
Infrastructure
Design
K0160
Knowledge of the common attack vectors on the network layer.
Computer
Network Defense
K0179
Knowledge of network security architecture concepts including topology, protocols, components, and
principles (e.g., application of defense-in-depth).
Information
Systems/Network
Security
K0260
Knowledge of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) data security standards.
Data Privacy and
Protection
K0261
Knowledge of Payment Card Industry (PCI) data security standards.
Data Privacy and
Protection
K0262
Knowledge of Personal Health Information (PHI) data security standards.
Data Privacy and
Protection
K0332
Knowledge of network protocols such as TCP/IP, Dynamic Host Configuration, Domain Name System
(DNS), and directory services.
Infrastructure
Design
19
KSA ID
Description
Competency
S0004
Skill in analyzing network traffic capacity and performance characteristics.
Network
Management
S0035
Skill in establishing a routing schema.
Infrastructure
Design
S0040
Skill in implementing, maintaining, and improving established network security practices.
Information
Systems/Network
Security
S0041
Skill in installing, configuring, and troubleshooting LAN and WAN components such as routers, hubs, and
switches.
Network
Management
S0056
Skill in using network management tools to analyze network traffic patterns (e.g., simple network
management protocol).
Network
Management
S0077
Skill in securing network communications.
Information
Systems/Network
Security
S0079
Skill in protecting a network against malware. (e.g., NIPS, anti-malware, restrict/prevent external devices,
spam filters).
Computer
Network Defense
S0084
Skill in configuring and utilizing network protection components (e.g., Firewalls, VPNs, network intrusion
detection systems).
Network
Management
S0170
Skill in configuring and utilizing computer protection components (e.g., hardware firewalls, servers,
routers, as appropriate).
Information
Systems/Network
Security
A0052
Ability to operate network equipment including hubs, routers, switches, bridges, servers, transmission
media, and related hardware.
Network
Management
A0055
Ability to operate common network tools (e.g., ping, traceroute, nslookup).
Network
Management
A0058
Ability to execute OS command line (e.g., ipconfig, netstat, dir, nbtstat).
Operating
Systems
A0059
Ability to operate the organization's LAN/WAN pathways.
Network
Management
A0062
Ability to monitor measures or indicators of system performance and availability.
Information
Technology
Assessment
A0065
Ability to monitor traffic flows across the network.
Network
Management
A0159
Ability to interpret the information collected by network tools (e.g. Nslookup, Ping, and Traceroute).
Network
Management
20
Table 14. T0125 Task Analysis
Proficiency
Task Statement
Importance
As Written
within
Framework
Install and maintain network infrastructure device operating system software (e.g., IOS, firmware).
Core
Entry
· Under direct and indirect supervision, install and maintain network infrastructure device operating system software, in
accordance with standard operating procedures. (e.g., IOS, firmware).
Intermediate
· Install and maintain network infrastructure device operating system software (e.g., IOS, firmware).
Advanced
· Serve as Subject Matter Expert on network infrastructure device operating system software (e.g., IOS, firmware).
Table 15. Primary Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities Required to Perform the above Task
KSA ID
Description
Competency
K0011
Knowledge of capabilities and applications of network equipment including routers, switches, bridges,
servers, transmission media, and related hardware.
Infrastructure Design
K0029
Knowledge of organization's Local and Wide Area Network connections.
Infrastructure Design
K0049
Knowledge of information technology (IT) security principles and methods (e.g., firewalls,
demilitarized zones, encryption).
Information
Systems/Network
Security
K0076
Knowledge of server administration and systems engineering theories, concepts, and methods.
Systems Integration
K0113
Knowledge of different types of network communication (e.g., LAN, WAN, MAN, WLAN, WWAN).
Infrastructure Design
K0160
Knowledge of the common attack vectors on the network layer.
Computer Network
Defense
S0041
Skill in installing, configuring, and troubleshooting LAN and WAN components such as routers, hubs,
and switches.
Network Management
S0150
Skill in implementing and testing network infrastructure contingency and recovery plans.
Business Continuity
A0052
Ability to operate network equipment including hubs, routers, switches, bridges, servers, transmission
media, and related hardware.
Network Management
A0159
Ability to interpret the information collected by network tools (e.g. Nslookup, Ping, and Traceroute).
Network Management
21
Table 16. T0035 Task Analysis
Proficiency
Task Statement
Importance
As Written
within
Framework
Configure and optimize network hubs, routers, and switches (e.g., higher-level protocols, tunneling).
Core
Entry
· Under direct and indirect supervision, configure and optimize network equipment and configurations.
Intermediate
· Configure and optimize network hubs, routers, and switches (e.g., higher-level protocols, tunneling).
Advanced
· Plan, design and oversee the configuration and optimization of network equipment.
Table 17. Primary Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities Required to Perform the above Task
KSA ID
Description
Competency
K0010
Knowledge of communication methods, principles, and concepts that support the network
infrastructure.
Telecommunications
K0011
Knowledge of capabilities and applications of network equipment including routers, switches,
bridges, servers, transmission media, and related hardware.
Infrastructure Design
K0029
Knowledge of organization's Local and Wide Area Network connections.
Infrastructure Design
K0050
Knowledge of local area and wide area networking principles and concepts including bandwidth
management.
Infrastructure Design
K0053
Knowledge of measures or indicators of system performance and availability.
Information
Technology
Assessment
K0061
Knowledge of how traffic flows across the network (e.g., Transmission Control Protocol [TCP] and
Internet Protocol [IP], Open System Interconnection Model [OSI], Information Technology
Infrastructure Library, current version [ITIL]).
Infrastructure Design
K0104
Knowledge of Virtual Private Network (VPN) security.
Encryption
K0108
Knowledge of concepts, terminology, and operations of a wide range of communications media
(computer and telephone networks, satellite, fiber, wireless).
Telecommunications
K0111
Knowledge of network tools (e.g., ping, traceroute, nslookup)
Network Management
K0113
Knowledge of different types of network communication (e.g., LAN, WAN, MAN, WLAN, WWAN).
Infrastructure Design
K0137
Knowledge of the range of existing networks (e.g., PBX, LANs, WANs, WIFI, SCADA).
Infrastructure Design
K0332
Knowledge of network protocols such as TCP/IP, Dynamic Host Configuration, Domain Name System
(DNS), and directory services.
Infrastructure Design
S0035
Skill in establishing a routing schema.
Infrastructure Design
S0041
Skill in installing, configuring, and troubleshooting LAN and WAN components such as routers, hubs,
and switches.
Network Management
S0056
Skill in using network management tools to analyze network traffic patterns (e.g., simple network
management protocol).
Network Management
S0077
Skill in securing network communications.
Information
Systems/Network
Security
S0162
Skill in applying various subnet techniques (e.g., CIDR)
Infrastructure Design
A0052
Ability to operate network equipment including hubs, routers, switches, bridges, servers,
transmission media, and related hardware.
Network Management
A0055
Ability to operate common network tools (e.g., ping, traceroute, nslookup).
Network Management
A0058
Ability to execute OS command line (e.g., ipconfig, netstat, dir, nbtstat).
Operating Systems
A0059
Ability to operate the organization's LAN/WAN pathways.
Network Management
A0065
Ability to monitor traffic flows across the network.
Network Management
A0159
Ability to interpret the information collected by network tools (e.g. Nslookup, Ping, and Traceroute).
Network Management
22
Table 18. T0065 Task Analysis
Proficiency
Task Statement
Importance
As Written
within
Framework
Develop and implement network backup and recovery procedures.
Core
Entry
· Demonstrate knowledge of network backup and recovery procedures.
Intermediate
· Develop and implement network backup and recovery procedures.
Advanced
· Design and manage network backup and recovery procedures.
Table 19. Primary Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities Required to Perform the above Task
KSA ID
Description
Competency
K0010
Knowledge of communication methods, principles, and concepts that support the network
infrastructure.
Telecommunications
K0011
Knowledge of capabilities and applications of network equipment including routers, switches, bridges,
servers, transmission media, and related hardware.
Infrastructure Design
K0029
Knowledge of organization's Local and Wide Area Network connections.
Infrastructure Design
K0050
Knowledge of local area and wide area networking principles and concepts including bandwidth
management.
Infrastructure Design
K0053
Knowledge of measures or indicators of system performance and availability.
Information
Technology
Assessment
K0061
Knowledge of how traffic flows across the network (e.g., Transmission Control Protocol [TCP] and
Internet Protocol [IP], Open System Interconnection Model [OSI], Information Technology
Infrastructure Library, current version [ITIL]).
Infrastructure Design
K0071
Knowledge of remote access technology concepts.
Technology
Awareness
K0104
Knowledge of Virtual Private Network (VPN) security.
Encryption
K0108
Knowledge of concepts, terminology, and operations of a wide range of communications media
(computer and telephone networks, satellite, fiber, wireless).
Telecommunications
K0111
Knowledge of network tools (e.g., ping, traceroute, nslookup)
Network
Management
K0113
Knowledge of different types of network communication (e.g., LAN, WAN, MAN, WLAN, WWAN).
Infrastructure Design
K0137
Knowledge of the range of existing networks (e.g., PBX, LANs, WANs, WIFI, SCADA).
Infrastructure Design
K0138
Knowledge of Wi-Fi.
Telecommunications
K0159
Knowledge of Voice over IP (VoIP).
Telecommunications
K0180
Knowledge of network systems management principles, models, methods (e.g., end-to-end systems
performance monitoring), and tools.
Network
Management
K0200
Knowledge of service management concepts for networks and related standards (e.g., Information
Technology Infrastructure Library, current version [ITIL]).
Enterprise
Architecture
K0332
Knowledge of network protocols such as TCP/IP, Dynamic Host Configuration, Domain Name System
(DNS), and directory services.
Infrastructure Design
S0004
Skill in analyzing network traffic capacity and performance characteristics.
Network
Management
S0035
Skill in establishing a routing schema.
Infrastructure Design
S0041
Skill in installing, configuring, and troubleshooting LAN and WAN components such as routers, hubs,
and switches.
Network
Management
23
KSA ID
Description
Competency
S0056
Skill in using network management tools to analyze network traffic patterns (e.g., simple network
management protocol).
Network
Management
S0077
Skill in securing network communications.
Information
Systems/Network
Security
S0084
Skill in configuring and utilizing network protection components (e.g., Firewalls, VPNs, network
intrusion detection systems).
Network
Management
S0150
Skill in implementing and testing network infrastructure contingency and recovery plans.
Business Continuity
S0162
Skill in applying various subnet techniques (e.g., CIDR)
Infrastructure Design
S0170
Skill in configuring and utilizing computer protection components (e.g., hardware firewalls, servers,
routers, as appropriate).
Information
Systems/Network
Security
A0052
Ability to operate network equipment including hubs, routers, switches, bridges, servers, transmission
media, and related hardware.
Network
Management
A0055
Ability to operate common network tools (e.g., ping, traceroute, nslookup).
Network
Management
A0058
Ability to execute OS command line (e.g., ipconfig, netstat, dir, nbtstat).
Operating Systems
A0059
Ability to operate the organization's LAN/WAN pathways.
Network
Management
A0062
Ability to monitor measures or indicators of system performance and availability.
Information
Technology
Assessment
A0065
Ability to monitor traffic flows across the network.
Network
Management
A0159
Ability to interpret the information collected by network tools (e.g. Nslookup, Ping, and Traceroute).
Network
Management
24
Table 20. T0232 Task Analysis
Proficiency
Task Statement
Importance
As Written
within
Framework
Test and maintain network infrastructure including software and hardware devices.
Core
Entry
· Under direct or indirect supervision, test and maintain network infrastructure including software and hardware devices.
Intermediate
· Test and maintain network infrastructure including software and hardware devices.
Advanced
· Create plans for testing network infrastructure including software and hardware devices and direct their maintenance.
Table 21. Primary Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities Required to Perform the above Task
KSA ID
Description
Competency
K0010
Knowledge of communication methods, principles, and concepts that support the network
infrastructure.
Telecommunications
K0011
Knowledge of capabilities and applications of network equipment including routers, switches,
bridges, servers, transmission media, and related hardware.
Infrastructure Design
K0029
Knowledge of organization's Local and Wide Area Network connections.
Infrastructure Design
K0049
Knowledge of information technology (IT) security principles and methods (e.g., firewalls,
demilitarized zones, encryption).
Information
Systems/Network
Security
K0050
Knowledge of local area and wide area networking principles and concepts including bandwidth
management.
Infrastructure Design
K0053
Knowledge of measures or indicators of system performance and availability.
Information
Technology
Assessment
K0061
Knowledge of how traffic flows across the network (e.g., Transmission Control Protocol [TCP] and
Internet Protocol [IP], Open System Interconnection Model [OSI], Information Technology
Infrastructure Library, current version [ITIL]).
Infrastructure Design
K0076
Knowledge of server administration and systems engineering theories, concepts, and methods.
Systems Integration
K0093
Knowledge of telecommunications concepts (e.g., Communications channel, Systems Link
Budgeting, Spectral efficiency, Multiplexing).
Telecommunications
K0104
Knowledge of Virtual Private Network (VPN) security.
Encryption
K0108
Knowledge of concepts, terminology, and operations of a wide range of communications media
(computer and telephone networks, satellite, fiber, wireless).
Telecommunications
K0111
Knowledge of network tools (e.g., ping, traceroute, nslookup)
Network
Management
K0113
Knowledge of different types of network communication (e.g., LAN, WAN, MAN, WLAN, WWAN).
Infrastructure Design
K0137
Knowledge of the range of existing networks (e.g., PBX, LANs, WANs, WIFI, SCADA).
Infrastructure Design
K0138
Knowledge of Wi-Fi.
Telecommunications
K0159
Knowledge of Voice over IP (VoIP).
Telecommunications
K0160
Knowledge of the common attack vectors on the network layer.
Computer Network
Defense
K0180
Knowledge of network systems management principles, models, methods (e.g., end-to-end
systems performance monitoring), and tools.
Network
Management
K0274
Knowledge of transmission records (e.g., Bluetooth, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID),
Infrared Networking (IR), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi). paging, cellular, satellite dishes, Voice over
Internet Protocol (VoIP)), and jamming techniques that enable transmission of undesirable
information, or prevent installed systems from operating correctly.
Telecommunications
K0332
Knowledge of network protocols such as TCP/IP, Dynamic Host Configuration, Domain Name
System (DNS), and directory services.
Infrastructure Design
25
KSA ID
Description
Competency
S0004
Skill in analyzing network traffic capacity and performance characteristics.
Network
Management
S0035
Skill in establishing a routing schema.
Infrastructure Design
S0040
Skill in implementing, maintaining, and improving established network security practices.
Information
Systems/Network
Security
S0041
Skill in installing, configuring, and troubleshooting LAN and WAN components such as routers,
hubs, and switches.
Network
Management
S0056
Skill in using network management tools to analyze network traffic patterns (e.g., simple network
management protocol).
Network
Management
S0077
Skill in securing network communications.
Information
Systems/Network
Security
S0084
Skill in configuring and utilizing network protection components (e.g., Firewalls, VPNs, network
intrusion detection systems).
Network
Management
S0162
Skill in applying various subnet techniques (e.g., CIDR)
Infrastructure Design
A0052
Ability to operate network equipment including hubs, routers, switches, bridges, servers,
transmission media, and related hardware.
Network
Management
A0055
Ability to operate common network tools (e.g., ping, traceroute, nslookup).
Network
Management
A0058
Ability to execute OS command line (e.g., ipconfig, netstat, dir, nbtstat).
Operating Systems
A0059
Ability to operate the organization's LAN/WAN pathways.
Network
Management
A0062
Ability to monitor measures or indicators of system performance and availability.
Information
Technology
Assessment
A0065
Ability to monitor traffic flows across the network.
Network
Management
A0159
Ability to interpret the information collected by network tools (e.g. Nslookup, Ping, and
Traceroute).
Network
Management
26
Table 22. T0126 Task Analysis
Proficiency
Task Statement
Importance
As Written
within
Framework
Install or replace network hubs, routers, and switches.
Core
Entry
· Under direct or indirect supervision, install or replace network hubs, routers and switches, according to standard operating
procedures.
Intermediate
· Install or replace network hubs, routers, and switches.
Advanced
· Design, plan, direct and/or install or replace network hubs, routers, and switches.
Table 23. Primary Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities Required to Perform the above Task
KSA ID
Description
Competency
K0010
Knowledge of communication methods, principles, and concepts that support the network
infrastructure.
Telecommunications
K0011
Knowledge of capabilities and applications of network equipment including routers, switches,
bridges, servers, transmission media, and related hardware.
Infrastructure Design
K0029
Knowledge of organization's Local and Wide Area Network connections.
Infrastructure Design
K0050
Knowledge of local area and wide area networking principles and concepts including bandwidth
management.
Infrastructure Design
K0093
Knowledge of telecommunications concepts (e.g., Communications channel, Systems Link Budgeting,
Spectral efficiency, Multiplexing).
Telecommunications
K0104
Knowledge of Virtual Private Network (VPN) security.
Encryption
K0111
Knowledge of network tools (e.g., ping, traceroute, nslookup)
Network
Management
K0113
Knowledge of different types of network communication (e.g., LAN, WAN, MAN, WLAN, WWAN).
Infrastructure Design
K0137
Knowledge of the range of existing networks (e.g., PBX, LANs, WANs, WIFI, SCADA).
Infrastructure Design
K0138
Knowledge of Wi-Fi.
Telecommunications
K0159
Knowledge of Voice over IP (VoIP).
Telecommunications
K0179
Knowledge of network security architecture concepts including topology, protocols, components,
and principles (e.g., application of defense-in-depth).
Information
Systems/Network
Security
K0332
Knowledge of network protocols such as TCP/IP, Dynamic Host Configuration, Domain Name System
(DNS), and directory services.
Infrastructure Design
S0004
Skill in analyzing network traffic capacity and performance characteristics.
Network
Management
S0035
Skill in establishing a routing schema.
Infrastructure Design
S0040
Skill in implementing, maintaining, and improving established network security practices.
Information
Systems/Network
Security
S0041
Skill in installing, configuring, and troubleshooting LAN and WAN components such as routers, hubs,
and switches.
Network
Management
S0056
Skill in using network management tools to analyze network traffic patterns (e.g., simple network
management protocol).
Network
Management
S0084
Skill in configuring and utilizing network protection components (e.g., Firewalls, VPNs, network
intrusion detection systems).
Network
Management
A0052
Ability to operate network equipment including hubs, routers, switches, bridges, servers,
transmission media, and related hardware.
Network
Management
27
KSA ID
Description
Competency
A0055
Ability to operate common network tools (e.g., ping, traceroute, nslookup).
Network
Management
A0058
Ability to execute OS command line (e.g., ipconfig, netstat, dir, nbtstat).
Operating Systems
A0059
Ability to operate the organization's LAN/WAN pathways.
Network
Management
A0062
Ability to monitor measures or indicators of system performance and availability.
Information
Technology
Assessment
A0065
Ability to monitor traffic flows across the network.
Network
Management
A0159
Ability to interpret the information collected by network tools (e.g. Nslookup, Ping, and Traceroute).
Network
Management
